Chronology
(291)
Anatolia and the Caucasus, 8000–2000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, southeastern Russia, and Asian Turkey
Read chronology
Anatolia and the Caucasus, 2000–1000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, southeastern Russia, and Asian Turkey
Read chronology
Anatolia and the Caucasus, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, southeastern Russia, and Asian Turkey
Read chronology
Anatolia and the Caucasus, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, southeastern Russia, and Asian Turkey.
Read chronology
Anatolia and the Caucasus, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, southeastern Russia, and Asian Turkey
Read chronology
Anatolia and the Caucasus, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, southeastern Russia, and Asian Turkey
Read chronology
Anatolia and the Caucasus, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, southeastern Russia, and Asian Turkey
Read chronology
Anatolia and the Caucasus, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, southeastern Russia, and Asian Turkey
Read chronology
Anatolia and the Caucasus (Asia Minor), 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, southeastern Russia, and Asian Turkey.
Read chronology
Ancient Greece, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses present-day Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, and European Turkey
Read chronology
Ancient Greece, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses present-day Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, and European Turkey
Read chronology
Arabian Peninsula, 8000–2000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen
Read chronology
Arabian Peninsula, 2000–1000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen
Read chronology
Arabian Peninsula, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses present-day Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen
Read chronology
Arabian Peninsula, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses present-day Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen
Read chronology
Arabian Peninsula, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen
Read chronology
Arabian Peninsula, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen
Read chronology
Arabian Peninsula, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen
Read chronology
Arabian Peninsula, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen
Read chronology
Arabian Peninsula and Eastern Mediterranean, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day Bahrain, Cyprus, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, southern Turkey (Hatay), United Arab Emirates, and Yemen
Read chronology
Arabian Peninsula and Eastern Mediterranean, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Bahrain, Cyprus, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, southern Turkey (Hatay), United Arab Emirates, and Yemen
Read chronology
Asia Minor (Anatolia and the Caucasus), 1–500 A.D.
encompasses present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, southeastern Russia, and Asian Turkey
Read chronology
Australia, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Australia
Read chronology
Australia, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day Australia
Read chronology
Australia, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Australia
Read chronology
Balkan Peninsula, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, and European Turkey
Read chronology
Balkan Peninsula, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, and European Turkey
Read chronology
Balkan Peninsula, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, and European Turkey
Read chronology
Balkan Peninsula, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, and European Turkey
Read chronology
Balkan Peninsula, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, and European Turkey
Read chronology
Central Africa, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Angola, Cabinda, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon
Read chronology
Central Africa, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Angola, Cabinda, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon
Read chronology
Central Africa, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day Angola, Cabinda, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon
Read chronology
Central Africa, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Angola, Cabinda, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon
Read chronology
Central America, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses present-day Costa Rica, southern Nicaragua, and Panama
Read chronology
Central America, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses present-day Costa Rica, southern Nicaragua, and Panama
Read chronology
Central America and the Caribbean, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day southern Costa Rica, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, and Puerto Rico
Read chronology
Central America and the Caribbean, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day southern Costa Rica, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, and Puerto Rico
Read chronology
Central America and the Caribbean, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day southern Costa Rica, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, and Puerto Rico
Read chronology
Central and North Asia, 8000–2000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Afghanistan, China (Xinjiang Province), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, eastern Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan
Read chronology
Central and North Asia, 2000–1000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Afghanistan, China (Xinjiang Province), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, eastern Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan
Read chronology
Central and North Asia, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses present-day Afghanistan, China (Xinjiang Province), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, eastern Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan
Read chronology
Central and North Asia, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses present-day Afghanistan, China (Xinjiang Province), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, eastern Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan
Read chronology
Central and North Asia, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Afghanistan, China (Xinjiang Province), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, eastern Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan
Read chronology
Central and North Asia, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Afghanistan, China (Xinjiang Province), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, eastern Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan
Read chronology
Central and North Asia, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Afghanistan, China (Xinjiang Province), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, eastern Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan
Read chronology
Central and North Asia, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Afghanistan, China (Xinjiang Province), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, eastern Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan
Read chronology
Central and North Asia, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day Afghanistan, China (Xinjiang Province), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, eastern Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan
Read chronology
Central and North Asia, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Afghanistan, China (Xinjiang Province), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, eastern Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan
Read chronology
Central and Southern Andes, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses present-day Bolivia, northwestern Argentina, Chile, and Peru
Read chronology
Central and Southern Andes, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses present-day Bolivia, northwestern Argentina, Chile, and Peru
Read chronology
Central and Southern Andes, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Bolivia, northwestern Argentina, Chile, and Peru
Read chronology
Central and Southern Andes, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Bolivia, northwestern Argentina, Chile, and Peru
Read chronology
Central and Southern Andes, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Bolivia, northwestern Argentina, Chile, and Peru
Read chronology
Central Europe, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Czech Republic, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Moldova, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia
Read chronology
Central Europe and Low Countries, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Moldova, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Switzerland
Read chronology
Central Europe (including Germany), 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Switzerland
Read chronology
Central Europe (including Germany), 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Switzerland
Read chronology
Central Europe (including Germany), 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Switzerland
Read chronology
Central Europe (including Germany), 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Switzerland
Read chronology
China, 8000–2000 B.C.
encompasses present-day China
Read chronology
China, 2000–1000 B.C.
encompasses present-day China
Read chronology
China, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses present-day China
Read chronology
China, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses present-day China
Read chronology
China, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day China
Read chronology
China, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day China
Read chronology
China, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day China
Read chronology
China, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day China
Read chronology
China, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day China
Read chronology
China, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day China
Read chronology
Eastern Africa, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia
Read chronology
Eastern Africa, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia
Read chronology
Eastern Africa, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia
Read chronology
Eastern and Southern Africa, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Botswana, Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe
Read chronology
Eastern and Southern Africa, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Botswana, Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe
Read chronology
Eastern and Southern Africa, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Botswana, Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe
Read chronology
Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, 8000–2000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, western Russia, Sweden, and Ukraine
Read chronology
Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, 2000–1000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, western Russia, Sweden, and Ukraine
Read chronology
Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses present-day Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, western Russia, Sweden, and Ukraine
Read chronology
Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses present-day Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, western Russia, Sweden, and Ukraine
Read chronology
Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, western Russia, Sweden, and Ukraine
Read chronology
Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, western Russia, Sweden, and Ukraine
Read chronology
Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, western Russia, Sweden, and Ukraine
Read chronology
Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, western Russia, Sweden, and Ukraine
Read chronology
Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, western Russia, Sweden, and Ukraine
Read chronology
Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, western Russia, Sweden, and Ukraine
Read chronology
The Eastern Mediterranean, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and southern Turkey (Hatay)
Read chronology
The Eastern Mediterranean, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and southern Turkey (Hatay)
Read chronology
The Eastern Mediterranean, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and southern Turkey (Hatay)
Read chronology
The Eastern Mediterranean, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and southern Turkey (Hatay)
Read chronology
The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 8000–2000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Cyprus, and southern Turkey
Read chronology
The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 2000–1000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and southern Turkey
Read chronology
The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses present-day Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and southern Turkey
Read chronology
The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses present-day Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and southern Turkey
Read chronology
Egypt, 8000–2000 B.C.
encompasses ancient Egypt and northern ancient Nubia
Read chronology
Egypt, 2000–1000 B.C.
encompasses ancient Egypt and northern ancient Nubia
Read chronology
Egypt, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses ancient Egypt and northern ancient Nubia
Read chronology
Egypt, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses ancient Egypt and northern ancient Nubia
Read chronology
Egypt, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Egypt
Read chronology
Egypt, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Egypt
Read chronology
Egypt, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Egypt
Read chronology
Egypt, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Egypt
Read chronology
Egypt and North Africa, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia
Read chronology
Egypt and North Africa, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia
Read chronology
Florence and Central Italy, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses the present-day regions of Tuscany, Marche, and Umbria
Read chronology
Florence and Central Italy, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses the present-day regions of Tuscany, Marche, and Umbria
Read chronology
France, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Andorra, France, and Monaco
Read chronology
France, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Andorra, France, and Monaco
Read chronology
France, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Andorra, France, and Monaco
Read chronology
France, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Andorra, France, and Monaco
Read chronology
France, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day Andorra, France, and Monaco
Read chronology
France, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Andorra, France, and Monaco
Read chronology
Germany and Switzerland, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Austria, Germany, and Switzerland
Read chronology
Great Britain and Ireland, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales
Read chronology
Great Britain and Ireland, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales
Read chronology
Great Britain and Ireland, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales
Read chronology
Great Britain and Ireland, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales
Read chronology
Great Britain and Ireland, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales
Read chronology
Great Britain and Ireland, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales
Read chronology
Guinea Coast, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, coastal Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Togo
Read chronology
Guinea Coast, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, coastal Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Togo
Read chronology
Guinea Coast, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, coastal Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Togo
Read chronology
Guinea Coast, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, coastal Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Togo
Read chronology
Guinea Coast, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, coastal Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Togo
Read chronology
Guinea Coast, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, coastal Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Togo
Read chronology
Himalayan Region, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Bhutan, Nepal, and Tibet
Read chronology
Himalayan Region, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Bhutan, Nepal, and Tibet
Read chronology
Himalayan Region, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Bhutan, Nepal, and Tibet
Read chronology
Himalayan Region, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Bhutan, Nepal, and Tibet
Read chronology
Iberian Peninsula, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses present-day Portugal and Spain
Read chronology
Iberian Peninsula, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses present-day Portugal and Spain
Read chronology
Iberian Peninsula, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Portugal and Spain
Read chronology
Iberian Peninsula, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Portugal and Spain
Read chronology
Iberian Peninsula, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Portugal and Spain
Read chronology
Iberian Peninsula, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Portugal and Spain
Read chronology
Iberian Peninsula, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Portugal and Spain
Read chronology
Iran, 8000–2000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Iran
Read chronology
Iran, 2000–1000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Iran
Read chronology
Iran, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses present-day Iran
Read chronology
Iran, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses present-day Iran
Read chronology
Iran, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Iran
Read chronology
Iran, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Iran
Read chronology
Iran, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Iran
Read chronology
Iran, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Iran
Read chronology
Iran, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Iran
Read chronology
Iran (Persia), 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day Iran
Read chronology
Iraq, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Iraq
Read chronology
Iraq, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Iraq
Read chronology
Iraq, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Iraq
Read chronology
Iraq (Mesopotamia), 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Iraq
Read chronology
Italian Peninsula, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses present-day Italy, San Marino, and Vatican City
Read chronology
Italian Peninsula, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses present-day Italy, San Marino, and Vatican City
Read chronology
Italian Peninsula, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Corsica and Italy (including the Tyrrhenian islands of Sicily and Sardinia)
Read chronology
Italian Peninsula, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Corsica and Italy (including the Tyrrhenian islands of Sicily and Sardinia)
Read chronology
Italian Peninsula, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Corsica and Italy (including the Tyrrhenian islands of Sicily and Sardinia)
Read chronology
Japan, 8000–2000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Japan
Read chronology
Japan, 2000–1000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Japan
Read chronology
Japan, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses present-day Japan
Read chronology
Japan, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses present-day Japan
Read chronology
Japan, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Japan
Read chronology
Japan, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Japan
Read chronology
Japan, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Japan
Read chronology
Japan, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Japan
Read chronology
Japan, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day Japan
Read chronology
Japan, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Japan
Read chronology
Korea, 8000–2000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Korea
Read chronology
Korea, 2000–1000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Korea
Read chronology
Korea, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses present-day Korea
Read chronology
Korea, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses present-day Korea
Read chronology
Korea, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Korea
Read chronology
Korea, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Korea
Read chronology
Korea, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Korea
Read chronology
Korea, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Korea
Read chronology
Korea, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day Korea
Read chronology
Korea, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Korea
Read chronology
Low Countries, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands
Read chronology
Low Countries, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands
Read chronology
Low Countries, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands
Read chronology
Low Countries, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands
Read chronology
Maya Area, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses present-day Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, western Honduras, and southern Mexico
Read chronology
Maya Area, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses present-day Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, western Honduras, and southern Mexico
Read chronology
Maya Area, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, western Honduras, and southern Mexico
Read chronology
Maya Area, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, western Honduras, and southern Mexico
Read chronology
Maya Area, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, western Honduras, and southern Mexico
Read chronology
Melanesia, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Papua (Irian Jaya), the Solomon Islands, the Torres Strait Islands, and Vanuatu
Read chronology
Melanesia, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Papua (Irian Jaya), the Solomon Islands, the Torres Strait Islands, and Vanuatu
Read chronology
Melanesia, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Papua (Irian Jaya), the Solomon Islands, the Torres Strait Islands, and Vanuatu
Read chronology
Mesoamerica and Central America, 8000–2000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama
Read chronology
Mesoamerica and Central America, 2000–1000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama
Read chronology
Mesopotamia, 8000–2000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Iraq and northeastern Syria
Read chronology
Mesopotamia, 2000–1000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Iraq and northeastern Syria
Read chronology
Mesopotamia, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses present-day Iraq and northeastern Syria
Read chronology
Mesopotamia, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses present-day Iraq and northeastern Syria
Read chronology
Mexico, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses the current political boundaries of the United Mexican States except for southern Mexico
Read chronology
Mexico, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses the current political boundaries of the United Mexican States except for southern Mexico
Read chronology
Mexico, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses the current political boundaries of the United Mexican States except for southern Mexico
Read chronology
Mexico, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses the current political boundaries of the United Mexican States except for southern Mexico
Read chronology
Mexico, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses the current political boundaries of the United Mexican States except for southern Mexico
Read chronology
Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Hispaniola, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Puerto Rico
Read chronology
Mexico and Central America, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Hispaniola, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Puerto Rico
Read chronology
Mexico and Central America, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Hispaniola, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Puerto Rico
Read chronology
Mexico and Central America: Native Peoples, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Hispaniola, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Puerto Rico
Read chronology
Mexico and Central America: Native Peoples, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Hispaniola, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Puerto Rico
Read chronology
Mexico and Central America: Native Peoples, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Hispaniola, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Puerto Rico
Read chronology
Micronesia, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Republic of Palau, Guam, Kiribati, the Commonwealth of the northern Marianas, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, and Nauru
Read chronology
Micronesia, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day Republic of Palau, Guam, Kiribati, the Commonwealth of the northern Marianas, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, and Nauru
Read chronology
Micronesia, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Republic of Palau, Guam, Kiribati, the Commonwealth of the northern Marianas, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, and Nauru
Read chronology
North America, 8000–2000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Canada and the United States
Read chronology
North America, 2000–1000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Canada and the United States
Read chronology
North America, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses present-day Canada and the United States
Read chronology
North America, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses present-day Canada and the United States
Read chronology
North America, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Canada and the United States
Read chronology
North America, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Canada and the United States
Read chronology
North America, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Canada and the United States
Read chronology
Northern Andes, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses present-day Colombia and Ecuador
Read chronology
Northern Andes, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses present-day Colombia and Ecuador
Read chronology
Northern Andes, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Colombia and Ecuador
Read chronology
Northern Andes, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Colombia and Ecuador
Read chronology
Northern Andes, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Colombia and Ecuador
Read chronology
Oceania, 8000–2000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Australia, island Southeast Asia, and the islands of the tropical north and south Pacific
Read chronology
Oceania, 2000–1000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Australia, island Southeast Asia, and the islands of the tropical north and south Pacific
Read chronology
Oceania, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses present-day Australia, island Southeast Asia, and the islands of the tropical north and south Pacific
Read chronology
Oceania, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses present-day Australia, island Southeast Asia, and the islands of the tropical north and south Pacific
Read chronology
Oceania, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Australia, island Southeast Asia, and the islands of the tropical north and south Pacific
Read chronology
Oceania, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Australia, island Southeast Asia, and the islands of the tropical north and south Pacific
Read chronology
Oceania, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Australia, island Southeast Asia, and the islands of the tropical north and south Pacific
Read chronology
Polynesia, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Cook Islands, Easter Island (Rapa Nui), Fiji, Hawai'i, French Polynesia, New Zealand (Aotearoa), Niue, Pitcairn Islands, Independent Samoa, American Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Wallis and Futuna
Read chronology
Polynesia, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day Cook Islands, Easter Island (Rapa Nui), Fiji, Hawai'i, French Polynesia, New Zealand (Aotearoa), Niue, Pitcairn Islands, Independent Samoa, American Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Wallis and Futuna
Read chronology
Polynesia, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Cook Islands, Easter Island (Rapa Nui), Fiji, Hawai'i, French Polynesia, New Zealand (Aotearoa), Niue, Pitcairn Islands, Independent Samoa, American Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Wallis and Futuna
Read chronology
Rome and Southern Italy, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses the present-day regions of Abruzzo, Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Lazio, Molise, and Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily
Read chronology
Rome and Southern Italy, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses the present-day regions of Abruzzo, Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Lazio, Molise, and Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily
Read chronology
South America, 8000–2000 B.C.
encompasses present-day northwestern Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru
Read chronology
South America, 2000–1000 B.C.
encompasses present-day northwestern Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru
Read chronology
South America, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela
Read chronology
South America, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela
Read chronology
South America, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela
Read chronology
South Asia, 8000–2000 B.C.
encompasses present-day southeastern Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Tibet
Read chronology
South Asia, 2000–1000 B.C.
encompasses present-day southeastern Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Tibet
Read chronology
South Asia, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses present-day southeastern Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Tibet
Read chronology
South Asia, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses present-day southeastern Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Tibet
Read chronology
South Asia, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka
Read chronology
South Asia, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka
Read chronology
South Asia: North, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Bangladesh, northern India, and Pakistan
Read chronology
South Asia: North, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Bangladesh, northern India, and Pakistan
Read chronology
South Asia: South, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day southern India (including the Deccan Plateau and the South) and Sri Lanka
Read chronology
South Asia: South, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day southern India (including the Deccan Plateau and the South) and Sri Lanka
Read chronology
South Asia and the Himalayan Region, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Tibet
Read chronology
South Asia and the Himalayan Region, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Tibet
Read chronology
Southeast Asia, 8000–2000 B.C.
encompasses present-day mainland (Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam) and island (Indonesia, Bali, etc.) Southeast Asia
Read chronology
Southeast Asia, 2000–1000 B.C.
encompasses present-day mainland (Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam) and island (Indonesia, Bali, etc.) Southeast Asia
Read chronology
Southeast Asia, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses present-day mainland (Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam) and island (Indonesia, Bali, etc.) Southeast Asia
Read chronology
Southeast Asia, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses present-day mainland (Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam) and island (Indonesia, Bali, etc.) Southeast Asia
Read chronology
Southeast Asia, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day mainland (Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam) and island (Indonesia, Bali, etc.) Southeast Asia
Read chronology
Southeast Asia, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day mainland (Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam) and island (Indonesia, Bali, etc.) Southeast Asia
Read chronology
Southeast Asia, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day mainland (Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam) and island (Indonesia, Bali, etc.) Southeast Asia
Read chronology
Southeast Asia, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day mainland (Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam) and island (Indonesia, Bali, etc.) Southeast Asia
Read chronology
Southeast Asia, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day mainland (Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam) and island (Indonesia, Bali, etc.) Southeast Asia
Read chronology
Southeast Asia, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day mainland (Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam) and island (Indonesia, Bali, etc.) Southeast Asia
Read chronology
Southern Africa, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Botswana, Lesotho, Madagascar, southern Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe
Read chronology
Southern Africa, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day Botswana, Lesotho, Madagascar, southern Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe
Read chronology
Southern Africa, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Botswana, Lesotho, Madagascar, southern Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe
Read chronology
Southern Europe, 8000–2000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Portugal, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, European Turkey, and Vatican City
Read chronology
Southern Europe, 2000–1000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Portugal, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, European Turkey, and Vatican City
Read chronology
Southern Europe, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Portugal, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, European Turkey, and Vatican City
Read chronology
Sudan, 8000–2000 B.C.
encompasses ancient Nubia
Read chronology
Sudan, 2000–1000 B.C.
encompasses ancient Nubia
Read chronology
Sudan, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses ancient Nubia
Read chronology
Sudan, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses ancient Nubia
Read chronology
The United States, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day United States
Read chronology
The United States and Canada, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day United States and Canada
Read chronology
The United States and Canada, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day United States and Canada
Read chronology
Venice and Northern Italy, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses the present-day regions of Emilia-Romagna, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Lombardy, Piedmont, Trentino-Alto Adige, Valle d'Aosta, and Veneto
Read chronology
Venice and Northern Italy, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses the present-day regions of Emilia-Romagna, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Lombardy, Piedmont, Trentino-Alto Adige, Valle d'Aosta, and Veneto
Read chronology
Western and Central Europe, 8000–2000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Poland, the Republic of Ireland, Romania, Scotland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, and Wales
Read chronology
Western and Central Europe, 2000–1000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Poland, the Republic of Ireland, Romania, Scotland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, and Wales
Read chronology
Western and Central Europe, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses present-day Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Poland, the Republic of Ireland, Romania, Scotland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, and Wales
Read chronology
Western and Central Europe, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses present-day Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Poland, the Republic of Ireland, Romania, Scotland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, and Wales
Read chronology
Western and Central Sudan, 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Burkina Faso, eastern Chad, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal
Read chronology
Western and Central Sudan, 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Burkina Faso, eastern Chad, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal
Read chronology
Western and Central Sudan, 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Burkina Faso, eastern Chad, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal
Read chronology
Western and Central Sudan, 1800–1900 A.D.
encompasses present-day Burkina Faso, eastern Chad, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal
Read chronology
Western and Central Sudan, 1900 A.D.–present
encompasses present-day Burkina Faso, eastern Chad, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal
Read chronology
Western North Africa, 8000–2000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia
Read chronology
Western North Africa, 2000–1000 B.C.
encompasses present-day Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia
Read chronology
Western North Africa, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.
encompasses present-day Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia
Read chronology
Western North Africa, 1–500 A.D.
encompasses present-day Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia
Read chronology
Western North Africa (The Maghrib), 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia
Read chronology
Western North Africa (The Maghrib), 1000–1400 A.D.
encompasses present-day Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia
Read chronology
Western North Africa (The Maghrib), 1400–1600 A.D.
encompasses present-day Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia
Read chronology
Western North Africa (The Maghrib), 1600–1800 A.D.
encompasses present-day Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia
Read chronology
Western Sudan, 500–1000 A.D.
encompasses present-day Burkina Faso, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, eastern Niger, and Senegal
Read chronology