Her forehead crisscrossed with jewels, the sitter of this portrait displays a pink, or carnation, a symbol of love and marriage. The gilt picture frame visible in the background locates her in a luxurious interior, but her pensive expression elevates the portrait beyond a mere statement of status. If scholars are correct in identifying the sitter in the pendant portrait hanging next to this one as auctioneer Pieter Haringh, then the woman who appears here must be his wife, Elisabeth Delft.
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Title:Woman with a Pink
Artist:Rembrandt (Rembrandt van Rijn) (Dutch, Leiden 1606–1669 Amsterdam)
Date:early 1660s
Medium:Oil on canvas
Dimensions:36 1/4 x 29 3/8 in. (92.1 x 74.6 cm)
Classification:Paintings
Credit Line:Bequest of Benjamin Altman, 1913
Accession Number:14.40.622
d'Oultremont family (until 1875); comte Florent d'Oultremont, Brussels (1875–89; his sale, Hôtel Drouot, Paris, June 27, 1889, no. 8, for Fr 75,000 to Sedelmeyer for Kann); Rodolphe Kann, Paris (1889–d. 1905); his brother, Maurice Kann, Paris (1905–d. 1906); his nephew, Edouard Kann (1906–9; sold with The Met 14.40.621 for $625,000 to Duveen); [Duveen, New York, 1909; sold for $262,980 to Altman]; Benjamin Altman, New York (1909–d. 1913)
New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "The Hudson-Fulton Celebration," September–November 1909, no. 107B (as "Magdalena van Loo, Wife of Rembrandt's Son Titus ['The Lady with a Pink']," lent by Mr. B. Altman, New York).
New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Rembrandt," 1952, no catalogue.
New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Masterpieces of Fifty Centuries," November 14, 1970–June 1, 1971, not in catalogue.
New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Dutch Couples: Pair Portraits by Rembrandt and his Contemporaries," January 23–March 5, 1973, no. 10 (as "Woman with a Carnation," with MMA 14.40.621).
New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Rembrandt/Not Rembrandt in The Metropolitan Museum of Art," October 10, 1995–January 7, 1996, no. 18.
New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "The Age of Rembrandt: Dutch Paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art," September 18, 2007–January 6, 2008, no catalogue.
New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "In Praise of Painting: Dutch Masterpieces at The Met," October 16, 2018–October 4, 2020, no catalogue.
THIS WORK MAY NOT BE LENT, BY TERMS OF ITS ACQUISITION BY THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART.
Wilhelm [von] Bode. Studien zur Geschichte der holländischen Malerei. Braunschweig, 1883, pp. 531, 539, 560, no. 24, on the advice of Bredius, dates this painting and its pendant, "Man with a Magnifying Glass" (MMA 14.40.621), probably after 1660; as in an exhibition in Brussels in 1882.
Eugène Dutuit. Tableaux et dessins de Rembrandt. Paris, 1885, pp. 50, 63, 70, no. 348, repeats Bode's dating [see Ref. 1883] of about 1665.
Alfred von Wurzbach. Rembrandt-galerie. Stuttgart, 1886, text vol., no. 7.
Catalogue de douze tableaux . . . provenant de la collection d'Oultremont. Hôtel Drouot, Paris. June 27, 1889, pp. 5–6, 16, no. 8, ill., as the wife of Harrings, son of the jailor of the Amsterdam debtors' prison.
Emile Michel. Rembrandt: His Life, His Work, and His Time. English ed. New York, 1894, pp. 182–84, 239, dates it and MMA 14.40.622 about 1666–68 in text, and 1662–65 in catalogue; finds the sitters similar in appearance to the couple in the Family Group (Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum, Braunschweig); notes that the male portrait is in the collection of Maurice Kann, and the female portrait in the collection of Rodolphe Kann.
Illustrated Catalogue of 300 Paintings by Old Masters of the Dutch, Flemish, Italian, French, and English Schools. Paris, 1898, p. 174, no. 154, ill. p. 175.
Wilhelm [von] Bode. Gemäldesammlung des Herrn Rudolf Kann in Paris. Vienna, 1900, p. III, pl. 10.
Gustav Glück. "Die Gemäldesammlung des Herrn Rudolf Kann in Paris." Die Graphischen Künste 23 (1900), p. 90.
Wilhelm [von] Bode. Gemälde-Sammlung des Herrn Rudolf Kann in Paris. Vienna, 1900, pp. VII, IX, ill. p. III (gallery photograph).
Wilhelm [von] Bode with the assistance of C. Hofstede de Groot. The Complete Work of Rembrandt. Vol. 7, Paris, 1902, pp. 26-27, 132, 134, no. 536, pl. 536, dates the pendants about 1662–65, despite similarities to pictures of the late 1660s.
Auguste Marguillier. "La collection de M. Rodolphe Kann." Les arts 2 (February 1903), p. 22, ill. p. 23.
Adolf Rosenberg. Rembrandt, des Meisters Gemälde. Stuttgart, 1904, p. 263, ill. p. 243, dates it about 1662.
Wilhelm R. Valentiner. Rembrandt und seine Umgebung. Strasbourg, 1905, p. 56, identifies the sitters as Rembrandt's son, Titus, and his wife, Magdalena van Loo, stating that they are also represented in the so-called "Jewish Bride" (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam).
Adolf Rosenberg. Rembrandt, des Meisters Gemälde. 2nd ed. Stuttgart, 1906, ill. p. 370, as a portrait of a lady; dates it about 1662.
Adolf Rosenberg. Rembrandt, des Meisters Gemälde. Ed. W. R. Valentiner. 3rd ed. Stuttgart, 1909, p. 564, ill. p. 483, identifies the sitters as Titus van Rijn and his wife Magdalena, stating that Bode has agreed; based on this identification, states that the portraits cannot have been painted 1662–65, as Titus was married in 1668.
Wilhelm R. Valentiner. The Hudson-Fulton Celebration: Catalogue of an Exhibition Held in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 1909, vol. 1, p. 149, no. 107B, ill. opp. p. 149, as Magdalena van Loo; dates it about 1668.
Joseph Breck. "L'art hollandais à l'exposition Hudson-Fulton à New York." L'art flamand & hollandais 13, no. 2 (1910), p. 53 [published in Dutch in Onze Kunst 17 (January 1910), p. 10].
E[mil]. Waldmann. "Die Ausstellung Holländischer Gemälde des 17. Jahrhunderts in New York." Zeitschrift für bildende Kunst, n.s., 21, no. 4 (1910), pp. 75–76.
William Bode. "More Spurious Pictures Abroad Than in America." New York Times (December 31, 1911), ill. p. SM4.
"The Benjamin Altman Bequest." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 8 (November 1913), p. 236, ill. p. 235.
Handbook of the Benjamin Altman Collection. New York, 1914, pp. 5–7, no. 2, ill. opp. p. 6, as Magdalena van Loo, painted just after 1668; notes that Rembrandt often depicted his sitters as older than they actually were.
Wilhelm R. Valentiner. "The Rembrandts of the Altman Collection: II." Art in America 2 (October 1914), pp. 395–96, fig. 3, as probably dating from the summer of 1668.
C[ornelis]. Hofstede de Groot. A Catalogue Raisonné of the Works of the Most Eminent Dutch Painters of the Seventeenth Century. Ed. Edward G. Hawke. Vol. 6, London, 1916, pp. 354, 398–99, no. 869, as painted about 1662–65.
Wilhelm R. Valentiner. Rembrandt wiedergefundene Gemälde. Stuttgart, 1921, p. 128.
François Monod. "La Galerie Altman au Metropolitan Museum de New-York (2e article)." Gazette des beaux-arts, 5th ser., 8 (November 1923), pp. 306–7, ill. opp. p. 306, calls the pendants very late works, but questions whether they represent Titus and his wife, and whether they are therefore as late as Valentiner thinks [see Ref. 1914].
John C. van Dyke. Rembrandt and His School. New York, 1923, p. 41, calls this picture and its pendant "good shop portraits," stating that there is no reason to suppose that they portray Titus van Rijn and his wife.
D. S. Meldrum. Rembrandt's Paintings. London, 1923, pp. 139, 203, pl. CCCCXXXII, as "Portrait of a Lady"; dates it about 1662.
Alan Burroughs. "Rembrandts in the Metropolitan Museum." The Arts 4 (November 1923), p. 268.
Werner Weisbach. Rembrandt. Berlin, 1926, pp. 545–46, 593, fig. 179.
Max Eisler. Der alte Rembrandt. Vienna, 1927, pp. 103–6, ill. opp. p. 106, dates the portraits about 1668 and states that the female sitter is not necessarily the partner of the man.
Gustav Glück. "Rembrandts Selbstbildnis aus dem Jahre 1652." Jahrbuch der kunsthistorischen Sammlungen in Wien, n.s., 2 (1928), p. 317 [reprinted in Aus drei Jahrhunderten Europäischer Malerei, Vienna, 1933, p. 346]
.
Jacob Zwarts. "Het Echtpaar van 'Het Joodsche Bruidje' van Rembrandt." Onze Kunst 46 (January–June 1929), p. 17 n. 2.
Jac[ob]. Zwarts. The Significance of Rembrandt's "The Jewish Bride". Amersfoort, The Netherlands, 1929, p. 11 n. 2.
Wilhelm R. Valentiner. Rembrandt Paintings in America. New York, 1931, unpaginated, no. 174, pl. 174, asserts that the sitter is obviously the same as in the so-called "Jewish Bride" (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam), probably Magdalena van Loo.
A[braham]. Bredius. Rembrandt Gemälde. Vienna, 1935, p. 16, no. 401, pl. 401, rejects the identification of the sitters as Titus and Magdalena van Loo but thinks the same couple is represented in the "Jewish Bride".
O[tto]. Benesch inAllgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Künstler. Ed. Hans Vollmer. Vol. 29, Leipzig, 1935, p. 267.
Duveen Pictures in Public Collections of America. New York, 1941, unpaginated, no. 205, ill.
Julius S. Held. "Rembrandt: The Self-Education of an Artist." Art News 40 (February 1–14, 1942), p. 28.
Frits Lugt. "Rembrandt's 'Man with the Magnifying Glass': A New Identification." Art in America 30 (July 1942), pp. 174, 177–78, identifies the pendants as portraits of Jan Lutma the Younger and his wife, admitting that no record of Lutma's wife has been found.
Josephine L. Allen. "The Museum's Rembrandts." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 4 (November 1945), p. 73, ill. p. 75.
Franz Landsberger. Rembrandt, the Jews, and the Bible. Philadelphia, 1946, pp. 53–54.
Jakob Rosenberg. Rembrandt. Cambridge, Mass., 1948, vol. 1, pp. 49, 204, 219 n. 10; vol. 2, pls. 76, 269 (detail).
Theodore Rousseau Jr. "Rembrandt." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 11 (November 1952), pp. 82, 84, ill. p. 86, as "in the current Rembrandt exhibition".
Josephine L. Allen and Elizabeth E. Gardner. A Concise Catalogue of the European Paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 1954, p. 82.
Margaretta M. Salinger. "Eight American Rembrandts." Connoisseur 138 (September 1956), p. 68, no. 3, ill. p. 70, states that an identification of the sitters with those depicted in "The Jewish Bride" "seems cogent, though it attaches no names to the subjects".
W. R. Valentiner. "Noch Einmal 'Die Judenbraut'." Festschrift Kurt Bauch. [Munich], 1957, pp. 230, 232–33, fig. 4, as Titus van Rijn and Magdalena van Loo.
Jakob Rosenberg. Rembrandt: Life & Work. rev. ed. London, 1964, pp. 86–87, 326, figs. 76, 269 (detail).
Jakob Rosenberg and Seymour Slive inDutch Art and Architecture: 1600 to 1800. Baltimore, 1966, pp. 72, 270 n. 25, pl. 52B.
Kurt Bauch. Rembrandt Gemälde. Berlin, 1966, p. 26, pl. 529.
Egbert Haverkamp-Begemann inEncyclopedia of World Art. Vol. 11, New York, 1966, col. 934.
Michael Levey. "The Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries." 20,000 Years of World Painting. Ed. Hans L. C. Jaffé. New York, 1967, p. 245, ill. (color).
Horst Gerson. Rembrandt Paintings. Ed. Gary Schwartz. Amsterdam, 1968, pp. 452, 504, no. 418, ill. p. 453.
Bob Haak. Rembrandt: His Life, His Work, His Time. New York, [1969], p. 326, fig. 548, as painted about 1668.
Paolo Lecaldano inL'opera pittorica completa di Rembrandt. Milan, 1969, p. 124, no. 446, ill.
Horst Gerson, ed. Rembrandt: The Complete Edition of the Paintings.. By A[braham]. Bredius. 3rd ed. London, 1969, pp. 575, 582, no. 401, ill. p. 312.
Calvin Tomkins. Merchants and Masterpieces: The Story of The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 1970, pp. 172–73 [rev., enl. ed., 1989].
Francis Haskell. "The Benjamin Altman Bequest." Metropolitan Museum Journal 3 (1970), pp. 266, 279, fig. 7.
Jakob Rosenberg and Seymour Slive inDutch Art and Architecture: 1600 to 1800. rev. ed. Harmondsworth, England, 1972, pp. 124, 433–34 n. 25, fig. 88.
Julián Gállego and Frédéric Mégret. La grande histoire de la peinture. Vol. 10, Le Siècle d'or en Hollande. [Geneva], 1973, p. 22, ill. p. 23.
Hubert von Sonnenburg in "Technical Aspects: Scientific Examination." Rembrandt After Three Hundred Years. Chicago, 1973, p. 87.
Josua Bruyn in "Round-Table Discussion: Problems of Attribution." Rembrandt After Three Hundred Years. Chicago, 1973, p. 47.
A. B. de Vries Frick Collection. Rembrandt and His Twentieth-Century Critics. April 26, 1974, expresses uncertainty as to whether the head in the x-ray is really that of a child, and remarks that the head might belong to an earlier composition on the canvas.
Edward Fowles. Memories of Duveen Brothers. London, 1976, p. 40.
Christopher Brown. "Rembrandt's 'Portrait of a Boy'." Connoisseur 193 (November 1976), p. 219 n. 4, states that the identification of the sitters as Titus van Rijn and Magdalena van Loo "has not found any support".
John Walsh Jr. "Child's Play in Rembrandt's 'A Lady and Gentleman in Black'." Fenway Court (1976), p. 6.
J. Bolten and H. Bolten-Rempt. The Hidden Rembrandt. Milan, 1977, p. 203, no. 571, ill.
Howard Hibbard. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 1980, p. 344, fig. 616.
Maryan W. Ainsworth et al. Art and Autoradiography: Insights into the Genesis of Paintings by Rembrandt, Van Dyck, and Vermeer. New York, 1982, pp. 77, 82, 102, pls. 55–48 (overall, radiograph, and autoradiographs).
Everett Fahy. Metropolitan Flowers. New York, 1982, p. 46, ill. p. 47 (color).
Werner Sumowski. Gemälde der Rembrandt-Schüler. Vol. 4, Ch. Paudiss–Anonyme. Landau/Pfalz, 1983–[94?], p. 2617, under no. 1815.
Werner Sumowski. Gemälde der Rembrandt-Schüler. Vol. 5, Nachträge Ortsregister. Landau/Pfalz, 1983–[94?], p. 3367.
Rüdiger Klessmann. Die holländischen Gemälde. Braunschweig, 1983, p. 169, under no. 238.
Gary Schwartz. Rembrandt, His Life, His Paintings. New York, 1985, p. 343, fig. 404 (color).
Peter C. Sutton. A Guide to Dutch Art in America. Grand Rapids, Mich., 1986, p. 185.
Christian Tümpel. Rembrandt: Mythos und Methode. Königstein, 1986, p. 416, no. 249, ill. p. 331 (color).
Svetlana [L.] Alpers. Rembrandt's Enterprise: The Studio and the Market. Chicago, 1988, p. 85, fig. 3.66.
Walter Liedtke. "Dutch Paintings in America: The Collectors and Their Ideals." Great Dutch Paintings from America. Exh. cat., Mauritshuis, The Hague. Zwolle, The Netherlands, 1990, p. 48, fig. 36 (Altman gallery installation).
Pierre Cabanne. Rembrandt. [Paris], 1991, p. 153, no. 23, ill.
Leonard J. Slatkes. Rembrandt: Catalogo completo dei dipinti. Florence, 1992, pp. 236–37, no. 145, ill. (color).
Walter Liedtke inRembrandt/Not Rembrandt in The Metropolitan Museum of Art: Aspects of Connoisseurship. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 2, "Paintings, Drawings, and Prints: Art-Historical Perspectives."New York, [1995], pp. 81–85, no. 18, ill. (color and black and white), dates the portraits about 1662, and identifies the sitters with a couple painted by Jan Victors in 1651 (Steinberg collection, New York).
Seymour Slive. Dutch Painting 1600–1800. New Haven, 1995, p. 87, fig. 108.
Arthur K. Wheelock Jr. Dutch Paintings of the Seventeenth Century. Washington, 1995, p. 278 n. 1.
Hubert von Sonnenburg. Rembrandt/Not Rembrandt in The Metropolitan Museum of Art: Aspects of Connoisseurship. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 1, "Paintings: Problems and Issues."New York, 1995, pp. 24, 54, 69, 78, figs. 68 (color detail), 69 (x-radiograph detail).
J[osua]. Bruyn. "Werner Sumowski, 'Gemälde der Rembrandt-Schüler' IV en V." Oud Holland 109, no. 1/2 (1995), p. 105.
Katharine Baetjer. European Paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art by Artists Born Before 1865: A Summary Catalogue. New York, 1995, p. 317, ill.
B[en]. P. J. Broos inThe Dictionary of Art. Ed. Jane Turner. Vol. 26, New York, 1996, p. 169.
Paul Broekhoff and Michiel Franken. "Rembrandt/Not Rembrandt in The Metropolitan Museum of Art: Aspects of Connoisseurship." Simiolus 25, no. 1 (1997), p. 81.
Christel Brückner. Rembrandt's Braunschweiger "Familienbild". Hildesheim, 1997, p. 12 n. 9, p. 40 n. 74, pp. 52–53, 55, 99.
Christopher Wright. Rembrandt. Paris, 2000, p. 234, fig. 228 (color).
Stephanie S. Dickey. "Rembrandt and Saskia: Art, Commerce, and the Poetics of Portraiture." Rethinking Rembrandt. Ed. Alan Chong and Michael Zell. Boston, 2002, p. 213 n. 43.
Meryle Secrest. Duveen: A Life in Art. New York, 2004, p. 477.
Catherine B. Scallen. Rembrandt, Reputation, and the Practice of Connoisseurship. Amsterdam, 2004, pp. 207–8, 358 n. 20, p. 363 nn. 96, 99, fig. 52.
Esmée Quodbach. "The Age of Rembrandt: Dutch Paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 65 (Summer 2007), pp. 31–33, 35, 38, 70, figs. 32 (Altman gallery photograph), 40 (color, MMA Altman gallery photograph).
Walter Liedtke. Dutch Paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2007, vol. 1, p. ix; vol. 2, pp. 549, 693–705, 754, 910, no. 159, colorpl. 159, figs. 193, 200, 201 (color detail), calls the pendants "completely consistent with Rembrandt's work in the first half of the 1660s".
Walter Liedtke. Vermeer: The Complete Paintings. Antwerp, 2008, p. 134.
Dagmar Hirschfelder. Tronie und Porträt in der niederländischen Malerei des 17. Jahrhunderts. Berlin, 2008, pp. 127, 270, 424–25, no. 460, fig. 18, pl. 98, dates the pendants about 1662.
Everett Fahy inArt and Love in Renaissance Italy. Ed. Andrea Bayer. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2008, p. 20.
Walter Liedtke. "Rembrandt Revelations at the Metropolitan Museum." Jahrbuch der Berliner Museen, Beiheft: Wissenschaft auf der Suche 51 (2009), pp. 43, 47.
George S. Keyes inRembrandt in America: Collecting and Connoisseurship. Exh. cat., North Carolina Museum of Art. New York, 2011, pp. 73–74, 84 n. 41, pp. 134–35, fig. 37 (color).
Diana J. Kostyrko. The Journal of a Transatlantic Art Dealer: René Gimpel 1918–1939. London, 2017, p. 79 n. 13.
Marco M. Mascolo. "Benjamin Altman’s Loans to the 1909 Hudson-Fulton Exhibition at The Metropolitan Museum of Art." Burlington Magazine 160 (April 2018), pp. 306–10, fig. 3, ill. p. 270 (color, overall and detail).
This portrait is the pendant to Man with a Magnifying Glass (14.40.621).
The sitters have been variously identified as Harrings, son of the jailor of the Amsterdam debtors' prison, and his wife (d'Oultremont 1889); Titus van Rijn and Magdalena van Loo (Valentiner 1905); Baruch Spinoza (Goekoop-De Jongh 1915; Spinoza was, however, a bachelor); Jan Lutma the Younger and his wife (Lugt 1942); the couple who appears in the Family Group (Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum, Braunschweig; see Michel 1894); and the couple who appears in the so-called "Jewish Bride" (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam). Liedtke (1995) rejects all of these identifications but notes that the same sitters appear in pendant portraits of 1651 by Jan Victors (Steinberg collection, New York).
This work may not be lent, by terms of its acquisition by The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Rembrandt (Rembrandt van Rijn) (Dutch, Leiden 1606–1669 Amsterdam)
1635
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