A Deadly Art: European Crossbows, 1250-1850

A Deadly Art: European Crossbows, 1250–1850

Breiding, Dirk H.
2013
151 pages
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Among the Metropolitan's most beloved spaces are the galleries dedicated to arms and armor. The Museum's collection of fourteen thousand pieces, unrivaled in quality, depth, and diversity, encompasses objects from around the globe and across more than two millennia. Crossbows occupy a singular place in the history of weapons and their technology: they remained in use for more than two thousand years, and, until eclipsed by firepower, reigned as one of the dominant weapons throughout the world. Indeed, changes originally designed to increase the propulsive power of the simple bow evolved into the mechanisms that would define the operation of firearms.

Met Art in Publication

The Archer and the Milkmaid, Jacques de Gheyn II  Netherlandish, Engraving; first state of two (New Hollstein)
Jacques de Gheyn II
ca. 1610
Infantry Shield (Pavise), Wood, leather, gesso, silver foil, polychromy, Bohemian, possibly Chomutov (now Czech Republic)
ca. 1450
The Hours of Jeanne d'Evreux, Queen of France, Jean Pucelle  French, Grisaille, tempera, and ink on vellum, French
Jean Pucelle
ca. 1324–28
Section of a Composite Bow from a Crossbow, Baleen, horn, tendon, bark (birch), European
15th century
Crossbow Nut, Staghorn, iron alloy, Western European or Near Eastern
before 1272
Crossbow, Wood (European hornbeam), horn, animal sinew, animal glue, birch bark, staghorn, iron alloy, hemp, leather, Central European, possibly Austria
ca. 1425–75
Crossbow of Count Ulrich V of Württemberg (1413–1480), Heinrich Heid von Winterthur  probably Swiss, Wood (European hornbeam), horn, animal sinew, staghorn, birch bark, iron alloy, copper alloy, pigment, German, probably Stuttgart
Heinrich Heid von Winterthur
dated 1460
Crossbow of Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary (reigned 1458–1490), Wood, horn, animal sinew, staghorn, birch bark, iron alloy, Central or Eastern European, possibly Vienna
dated 1489
Parade Saddle, Bone, polychromy, wood, leather, iron alloy, German or Tyrolean
ca. 1450
Man Holding a Crossbow, Martin Engelbrecht  German, Etching
Martin Engelbrecht
Crossbow, Steel, wood, staghorn, hemp, Central European, possibly southern Germany
late 15th or early 16th century, and later; date 1584 engraved probably during the 19th century
Crossbow with Spanning Lever, Steel, wood (fruitwood, probably pear), staghorn, copper alloy, hemp, crossbow, Spanish, possibly Madrid; lever, probably Spanish
crossbow, ca. 1540–60 and later; spanning lever, probably first half of the 16th century
Crossbow (Halbe Rüstung) with Cranequin (Winder), Steel, wood (core: probably fruitwood, possibly pear; repair at cheek includes walnut), staghorn, copper alloy, hemp, leather, polychromy, crossbow, possibly Bavarian; cranequin, probably southern German
crossbow, ca. 1560–80; cranequin, first half of the 16th century
Crossbow (Halbe Rüstung) with Cranequin (Winder), Steel, wood (fruitwood, probably cherry and plum), staghorn, copper alloy, hemp, wool, probably German, possibly Saxony; cranequin, probably German
crossbow, ca. 1575–1650; cranequin dated 1562
Crossbow, Steel, wood (Indian rosewood), staghorn, mother-of-pearl, probably British, possibly London
ca. 1600–1625
Crossbow, Cranequin and Six Crossbow Bolts, Steel, wood (probably cherry, and possibly service tree), ivory (probably elephant), horn, mother-of-pearl, iron alloy, copper alloy, hemp, southern German or Tyrolese; cranequin probably German or Swiss
crossbow ca. 1600–1650; cranequin dated 1556
Large Crossbow (Ganze Rüstung) of Johann Georg, Baron von Rechenberg, Steel, wood, wood veneer (snakewood), ivory (elephant), staghorn, horn, copper alloy, gold, wool, leather, German, probably Dresden
dated 1663
Crossbow (Halbe Rüstung) with Winder (Cranequin), Johann Gottfried Hänisch the Elder  German, Steel, wood (walnut), staghorn, copper alloy, hemp, leather, silk, gold, iron alloy, wool, crossbow, German, probably Dresden; winder, possibly German
Johann Gottfried Hänisch the Elder
crossbow, ca. 1720–30; winder, ca. 1575–1600
Light Crossbow (Schnepper) and Lever from the Armory of Moritzburg Castle, Steel, wood (walnut and possibly hornbeam), staghorn, horn, wool, silk, German, Dresden
1728
Light Crossbow (Schnepper) from the Armory of Sedlitz Palace, Johann Gottfried Hänisch the Elder  German, Steel, wood (walnut), staghorn, hemp, wool, gold, German, Dresden
Johann Gottfried Hänisch the Elder
dated 1733
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Breiding, Dirk H. 2013. A Deadly Art: European Crossbows, 1250-1850. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.