Little is known of the early part of this period in Scandinavia and eastern Europe. Against the hardship of climate and topography, people in both regions establish a way of life but interact little with the centers of civilization to the south and west. By the late eighth century, however, bands of Scandinavians are active throughout Europe, raiding wealthy monasteries and sailing as far west as Newfoundland. Late in the period, Christianity spreads in both Scandinavia and eastern Europe.