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List of Rulers of the Ancient Greek World

The following abridged list of rulers for the ancient Greek world is primarily for the rulers of the Hellenistic age (323–31 B.C.), after the time of Alexander the Great. In the preceding centuries, the dominant geopolitical unit was the polis or city-state. Greek city-states were governed by a variety of entities, including kings, oligarchies, tyrants, and, as in the case of Athens, a democracy. Table of Contents Rulers of Macedonia The Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt The Seleucid Dynasty, Rulers in Asia Minor The Attalids, Rulers of Pergamon Rulers of Pontus Rulers of Baktria
Rulers of Macedonia	496–168 B.C.
Alexander I	496–454 B.C.
Perdikkas II	454–413 B.C.
Archelaos I	413–399 B.C.
Aeropos II	398–395 B.C.
Amyntas II	395–394 B.C.
Amyntas III	393–370 B.C.
Perdiccas III	365–359 B.C.
Philip II	360/59–336 B.C.
Alexander III (the Great)(1)	336–323 B.C.	1
Philip III Arrhidaios	323–317 B.C.
Alexander IV	323–310 B.C.
Olympias	317–316 B.C.
Cassander	315–297 B.C.
Philip IV	297 B.C.
Antipatros and Alexander V	297–294 B.C.
Demetrios I Poliorketes ("Besieger")	294–288 B.C.
Pyrrhos of Epeiros	288/7–285 B.C.
Lysimachos	288/7–281 B.C.
Seleukus	281 B.C.
Ptolemaios Keraunos ("Thunderbolt")	281–279 B.C.
Antigonos II Gonatas	ca. 277–239 B.C.
Demetrios II	239–229 B.C.
Antigonos III Doson	ca. 229–222 B.C.
Philip V	222–179 B.C.
Perseus	179–168 B.C.
The Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt(2)	306–30 B.C.	2
Ptolemy I Soter ("Savior"; governor from 323)	306–282 B.C.
Ptolemy II Philadelphos ("Sister-friend")	284–246 B.C.
Ptolemy III Euergetes ("Benefactor")	246–222 B.C.
Ptolemy IV Philopator ("Father-friend")	222–204 B.C.
Ptolemy V Epiphanes ("[God] Manifest")	210–180 B.C.
Cleopatra I	180–177 B.C.
Ptolemy VI Philometor ("Mother-friend")	180–164, 163–145 B.C.
Cleopatra II	170–115 B.C.
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II Physkon ("Potbelly")	170–163, 145–116 B.C.
Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator (with Ptolemy VI and briefly after the latter's death)	145–144 B.C.
Ptolemy IX Soter II Lathyros ("the Bean")	116–107, 88–81 B.C.
Cleopatra III	140–101 B.C.
Ptolemy X Alexander I	107–88 B.C.
Berenike III	100–80 B.C.
Ptolemy XI Alexander II	80 B.C.
Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos Auletes ("the Piper")	80–58, 55–51 B.C.
Cleopatra V	80–69 B.C.
Berenike IV and Cleopatra VI	58–55 B.C.
Ptolemy XIII	51–47 B.C.
Cleopatra VII	51–30 B.C.
Ptolemy XIV	47–44 B.C.
Caesarion (Ptolemy XV)	44–30 B.C.
The Seleucid Dynasty, Rulers in Asia Minor	305–63 B.C.
Seleukos I Nikator ("Victor"; ruler from 312)	305–281 B.C.
Antiochos I Soter (co-ruler from 294 or 293)	281–261 B.C.
Antiochos II Theos ("the God")	261–246 B.C.
Seleukos II Kallinikos ("the Glorious Victor")	246–226/5 B.C.
Seleukos III	226/5–223 B.C.
Antiochos III Megas ("the Great")	223–187 B.C.
Seleukos IV Philopator	187–175 B.C.
Antiochos IV Epiphanes	175–164 B.C.
Antiochos V Eupator ("of the Good Father")	164–162 B.C.
Deemtrios I Soter	162–150 B.C.
Alexander Balas (Epiphanes)	150–145 B.C.
Demetrios II Nikator	145–140, 129–126/5 B.C.
Antiochos VI Epiphanes	145–142 B.C.
Diodotos "Triophon," pretender	142–139/8 B.C.
Antiochos VII Sidetes	139/8–129 B.C.
Kleopatra Thea ("Goddess")	126/5–123 B.C.
Antiochos VIII Grypos	126/5–96 B.C.
Seleukos V	126 B.C.
Antiochos IX Philopator "of Kyzikos"	114/3–95 B.C.
Seleukos VI	95 B.C.
Antiochos X Eusebes ("the Pious") Philopator	95 B.C.
Demetrios III Philopator Soter (at Damascus)	95–88 B.C.
Antiochos XI Epiphanes Philadelphos (in Cilicia)	95 B.C.
Philip I (in Cilicia)	95–84/3 B.C.
Antiochos XII Dionysos (at Damascus)	87 B.C.
Philip II	84/3 B.C.
Antiochos XIII Philadelphos	69–63 B.C.
The Attalids, Rulers of Pergamon	283–129 B.C.
Philetairos (not king)	283–263 B.C.
Eumenes I (not formally king)	263–241 B.C.
Attalos I Soter	241–197 B.C.
Eumenes II Soter	197–159/8 B.C.
Attalos II	159/8–139/8 B.C.
Attalos III	139/8–133 B.C.
Aristonikos ("Eumenes III")	133–129 B.C.
Rulers of Pontus	ca. 280–63 B.C.
Mithridates I	ca. 280–ca. 266 B.C.
Ariobarzanes	ca. 266–ca. 255 B.C.
Mithridates II	ca. 255–ca. 220 B.C.
Mithridates III	ca. 220–ca. 185 B.C.
Pharnaces I	ca. 185–ca. 170 B.C.
Mithridates IV Philopator	ca. 170–ca. 150 B.C.
Mithridates V Euergetes	ca. 150–120 B.C.
Mithridates VI Eupator, "the Great"	ca. 120–63 B.C.
Rulers of Baktria	256–55 B.C.
Diodotos I	256–248 B.C.
Diodotos II	248–235 B.C.
Euthydemos I	ca. 235–ca. 200 B.C.
Euthydemos II	ca. 200–ca. 190 B.C.
Demetrios I	ca. 200–ca. 185 B.C.
Antimachos I	ca. 195–ca. 185 B.C.
Pantaleon	ca. 185–ca. 180 B.C.
Demetrios II	ca. 185–ca. 175 B.C.
Agathokles	ca. 180–ca. 165 B.C.
Eukratides I (usurper?)	ca. 171–ca. 155 B.C.
Agathokleia and Menandros	ca. 155–ca. 130 B.C.
Kalliope and Hermaios	ca. 75–ca. 55 B.C.

Department of Greek and Roman Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Citation

Department of Greek and Roman Art. "List of Rulers of the Ancient Greek World". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/gkru/hd_gkru.htm (October 2004)

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