Before embarking on a series of pictures inspired by Polynesian religious beliefs, Gauguin devoted this, his first major Tahitian canvas, to a Christian theme, describing it in a letter of March 1892: "An angel with yellow wings reveals Mary and Jesus, both Tahitians, to two Tahitian women, nudes dressed in pareus, a sort of cotton cloth printed with flowers that can be draped from the waist. Very somber, mountainous background and flowering trees . . . a dark violet path and an emerald green foreground, with bananas on the left. I'm rather happy with it." Gauguin based much of the composition on a photograph he owned of a bas-relief in the Javanese temple of Borobudur.

Inscription: Signed, dated, and inscribed: (lower right) P Gauguin 91; (lower left) IA ORANA MARIA (Hail Mary)

Michel Manzi, Paris (1893–1915; bought for Fr 2,000 from the Durand-Ruel exhibition, November 1893–d. 1915; his estate, 1915–19; his estate sale, Galerie Manzi et Joyant, Paris, March 13–14, 1919, no. 56, ill., for Fr 58,000 to Knoedler); [Knoedler, New York, 1919]; Adolph Lewisohn, New York (1919–d. 1938); his son, Sam A. Lewisohn, New York (1938–d. 1951)

Paris. Durand-Ruel. "Exposition d'oeuvres récentes de Paul Gauguin," November 1893, no. 1 (as "Ia Orana Maria [Ave Maria]").

New York. M. Knoedler & Co.. ?December 1919 [see Ref. Field 1919].

New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Fiftieth Anniversary Exhibition," May 8–August 1920, unnumbered cat. (p. 10, as "Ia Orana Maria," lent by Adolph Lewisohn).

New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Loan Exhibition of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Paintings," May 3–September 15, 1921, no. 47 (lent by Adolph Lewisohn).

New York. Union League Club. "Exhibition of 'Modern' Pictures Representing Impressionist, Post-Impressionist, Expressionist, and Cubist Painters," April 8–10, 1924, no. 16.

New York. Durand-Ruel. "Loan Exhibition of French Masterpieces of the Late XIX Century," March 20–April 10, 1928, no. 8 (as "Ia orana Maria," lent by Mr. Adolph Lewisohn).

New York. M. Knoedler & Co.. "A Century of French Painting," November 12–December 8, 1928, no. 29.

New York. Museum of Modern Art. "Summer Exhibition: Retrospective," June 15–September 28, 1930, no. 39 (lent by Adolph Lewisohn, New York).

London. Royal Academy of Arts. "French Art: 1200–1900," January 4–March 12, 1932, no. 540 [commemorative catalogue, no. 382].

Art Institute of Chicago. "A Century of Progress," June 1–November 1, 1933, no. 366 (as "We Greet You, Mary" ["Ia Orana Maria"]).

New York. Museum of Modern Art. "Modern Works of Art," November 20, 1934–January 20, 1935, no. 12 (as "We Greet You, Mary [Ia Orana Maria]," lent from the Adolph Lewisohn collection).

Toledo Museum of Art. "Cézanne, Gauguin," June–August 1935, unnumbered cat. (lent by Mr. Adolph Lewisohn).

New York. Wildenstein & Co., Inc.. "Paul Gauguin: 1848–1903," March 20–April 18, 1936, no. 17 (as "'We Greet Thee, Mary' Ia Orana Maria," lent by the Adolph Lewisohn Collection, New York City).

Cleveland Museum of Art. "Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition," June 26–October 4, 1936, no. 276 (lent by The Adolph Lewisohn Collection, New York).

Paris. Palais National des Arts. "Chefs d'œuvre de l'art français," July–September 1937, no. 326 (lent by Collection Adolphe Lewisohn, New-York) [no. 46 in Ref. Huyghe 1937].

New York. Museum of Modern Art. "Art in Our Time," May 10–September 30, 1939, no. 67 (as "We Greet You, Mary [Ia Orana Maria], lent by the Lewisohn collection, New York).

New York. World's Fair. "Masterpieces of Art: European & American Paintings, 1500–1900," May–October 1940, no. 355 (lent by the Lewisohn collection, New York).

New York. Wildenstein & Co., Inc.. "A Loan Exhibition of Paul Gauguin," April 3–May 4, 1946, no. 19 (as "Ave Maria—'Ia Orana Maria'," lent by Mr. and Mrs. Samuel A. Lewisohn).

Paris. Orangerie des Tuileries. "Gauguin: Exposition du centenaire," 1949, no. 25 (lent by Mr. and Mrs. Samuel A. Lewisohn, New-York).

New York. Paul Rosenberg. "The 19th Century Heritage," March 7–April 1, 1950, no. 8 (as "Ia Orana Maria [Ave Maria]," lent by Mr. and Mrs. Sam A. Lewisohn).

New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "The Lewisohn Collection," November 2–December 2, 1951, no. 34 (Bequest of Samuel A. Lewisohn to The Metropolitan Museum of Art).

Paris. Musée National d'Art Moderne. "L'oeuvre du XXe siècle: peintures - sculptures," May–June 1952, no. 31.

Art Institute of Chicago. "Gauguin: Paintings, Drawings, Prints, Sculpture," February 12–March 29, 1959, no. 28 (as "I Hail Thee, Mary [Ia Orana Maria])".

New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Gauguin: Paintings, Drawings, Prints, Sculpture," April 23–May 31, 1959, no. 28.

New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Masterpieces of Fifty Centuries," November 15, 1970–February 15, 1971, no. 384.

Washington. National Gallery of Art. "The Art of Paul Gauguin," May 1–July 31, 1988, no. 135 (as "Ia orana Maria").

Art Institute of Chicago. "The Art of Paul Gauguin," September 17–December 11, 1988, no. 135.

Paris. Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais. "The Art of Paul Gauguin," January 10–April 20, 1989, no. 135.

Moscow. State Pushkin Museum. "Gauguin," May 20–July 20, 1989, no. 22.

Leningrad [St. Petersburg]. State Hermitage Museum. "Gauguin," July 30–October 4, 1989, no. 22.

New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "The Lure of the Exotic: Gauguin in New York Collections," June 18–October 20, 2002, no. 55.

Paris. Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais. "Gauguin Tahiti," September 30, 2003–January 19, 2004, no. 74.

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. "Gauguin Tahiti," February 29–June 20, 2004, no. 74.

Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. "The Masterpieces of French Painting from The Metropolitan Museum of Art: 1800–1920," February 4–May 6, 2007, no. 106.

Berlin. Neue Nationalgalerie. "Französische Meisterwerke des 19.Jahrhunderts aus dem Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York," June 1–October 7, 2007, unnumbered cat.

Paul Gauguin. Letter to de Monfreid. March 11, 1892 [published in "Lettres de Gauguin à Daniel de Monfreid," A. Joly-Segalen, ed., 1950, p. 54].

Alfred Jarry. Ia Orana Maria. 1893/94 [published in exh. cat. "Gauguin et le groupe de Pont-Aven," Musée des Beaux-Arts de Quimper, 1950, pp. 25, 61].

Charles Morice. Exposition d'oeuvres récentes de Paul Gauguin. Exh. cat., Durand-Ruel. Paris, November 1893, pp. 14–15.

Paul Gauguin. Letter. ?February 1895, unpaginated [see Ref. Autograph Letters and Documents 1965, which includes a reproduction of the first page].

Paul Gauguin. Letter to Georges-Daniel de Monfreid. June 1899 [published in "Lettres de Gauguin à Daniel de Monfreid," A. Segalen, ed., 1950, p. 145].

Paul Gauguin. Letter to Ambrose Vollard. September 1900 [reprinted in "Letters to Ambroise Vollard & André Fontainas," ed. John Rewald, San Francisco, 1943, p. 39].

Paul Gauguin. Letter to Georges-Daniel de Monfreid. April 1900 [published in "Lettres de Gauguin à Daniel de Monfreid," A. Joly-Segalen, ed., 1950, p. 158].

Paul Gauguin and Charles Morice. "Noa Noa". Paris, 19[??], p. 19.

Hamilton Easter Field. "Art New and Old in Current Shows." Arts & Decoration 12 (December 15, 1919), p. 109.

Charles Morice. Paul Gauguin. first ed. [new ed. 1920]. Paris, 1919, p. 171 n. 1, pp. 183, 201.

"French, English, and American Paintings." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 15 (September 1920), p. 208.

Charles Chassé. Gauguin et le groupe de Pont-Aven. Paris, 1921, pp. 50–52.

A Committee of Citizens and Supporters of the Museum. Protest against the Present Exhibition of Degenerate "Modernistic" Works in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. [New York], September 1921 [reprinted in Ref. Rewald 1989].

Royal Cortissoz. "Modern Unrest in French Art: Some Leading Types Shown At the Metropolitan." New York Tribune (May 8, 1921), p. 7.

Achille Delaroche. "Concerning the Painter Paul Gauguin, from an Aesthetic Point of View." Paul Gauguin's Intimate Journals. New York, 1921, p. 41.

Pola Gauguin. "Paul Gauguin." Kunst og Kultur 9 (1921), p. 248.

Stephen Bourgeois. "A Notable Group of French Modernists." Arts & Decoration (November 1922), pp. 25, 74, ill.

Gustave Kahn. "Paul Gauguin." L'Art et les artistes 12 (October 1925–February 1926), p. 61.

Maurice Denis. Journal entry. October 3, 1927 [published in Maurice Denis, "Journal," vol. 3, 1959, p. 83].

Stephan Bourgeois. The Adolph Lewisohn Collection of Modern French Paintings and Sculptures. New York, 1928, pp. 160–61, ill.

Stephan Bourgeois. "The Passion of Art Collecting: Notes on the Adolph Lewisohn Collection." Art News (April 14, 1928), pp. 64, 67, ill.

A. Alexandre. Paul Gauguin, sa vie et le sens de son oeuvre. Paris, 1930, pp. 133, 135–40, 157, 161, 263–64, ill.

R. H. Wile[n]ski. French Painting. Boston, 1931, pp. 289, 294, pl. 120.

Stephan Bourgeois and Waldemar George. "The French Paintings of the XIXth and XXth Centuries in the Adolph and Samuel Lewisohn Collection." Formes nos. 28–29 (1932), pp. 301–302.

André Dezarrois. "Chroniques: L'art français à Londres." Revue de l'art ancien et moderne 61 (January–May 1932), p. 103.

James Johnson Sweeney. "Exhibition of French Art, Burlington House." Creative Art 10 (May 1932), pp. 350, 353.

"The Century of Progress Exhibition of the Fine Arts." Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago 27 (April–May 1933), p. 67.

A Century of Progress: Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture Lent from American Collections. Exh. cat., Art Institute of Chicago. Chicago, 1933, p. 52, no. 366.

Daniel Catton Rich. "The Exhibition of French Art 'Art Institute of Chicago'." Formes no. 33 (1933), p. 383.

Modern Works of Art. Exh. cat., Museum of Modern Art. New York, 1934, pp. 12, 23, no. 12, pl. 12.

Charles Kunstler. Gauguin: Peintre maudit. Paris, 1934, p. 170.

Beril Becker. Paul Gauguin: The Calm Madman. New York, 1935, pp. 195–96.

Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition. Exh. cat., Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, 1936, pp. 107–8, no. 276, ill.

Paul Gauguin, 1848–1903. Exh. cat., Wildenstein & Co., Inc. New York, 1936, pp. 29, 46, no. 17, ill.

Pola Gauguin. My Father Paul Gauguin. first American ed. [Norwegian ed. (?)]. New York, 1937, pp. 171–72.

René Huyghe. La peinture française: XVIIIme et XIXme siècles (figures et portraits). Paris, 1937, unpaginated, no. 46, ill. (detail).

Sam A. Lewisohn. Painters and Personality: A Collector's View of Modern Art. [New York], 1937, pp. 61–63, ill.

Martin Tow. Tainted Paradise: A Study of the Life and Art of Paul Gauguin. New York, 1937, pp. 107, 153.

Sam A. Lewisohn. "Personalities Past and Present." Art News, section I (The 1939 Annual), 37 (February 25, 1939), pp. 70, 154, ill. (installation photo of Lewisohn's home).

Art in our Time. Exh. cat., Museum of Modern Art. New York, 1939, unpaginated, no. 67, ill.

Mary H. Piexotto. "Famous Art Collections: The Lewisohn Collection." Studio 117 (March 1939), pp. 95, 101, ill.

Walter Pach in Masterpieces of Art: Catalogue of European and American Paintings, 1500–1900. Exh. cat., World's Fair. New York, 1940, pp. 242, 244, no. 355, ill.

R. H. Wilenski. Modern French Painters. New York, [1940], p. 131.

Maurice Malingue. Gauguin. Monaco, 1943, pp. 30, 89, ill.

Henry La Farge. "John La Farge and the South Sea Idyll." Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 7 (1944), p. 38.

Hans Graber. Paul Gauguin nach eigenen und fremden Zeugnissen. Basel, 1946, pp. 351–52, 377, ill. between pp. 284 and 285.

Raymond Cogniat. Gauguin. Paris, 1947, p. 33, pl. 63.

Henri Perruchot. Gauguin: Sa vie ardente et misérable. Paris, 1948, pp. 188, 190–91, ill. opp. p. 97.

Frank Elgar. Gauguin. Paris, 1949, unpaginated, no. 16, pl. 16.

Jean Leymarie. "Musée de l'Orangerie: Exposition Gauguin." Musées de France (June 1949), p. 110.

Denys Sutton. "The Paul Gauguin Exhibition." Burlington Magazine 91, no. 559 (October 1949), p. 284 n. 9.

Alexander Watt. "The Centenary Exhibition of the Work of Gauguin." Apollo 50 (October 1949), p. 98.

Georg Schmidt. Gauguin. Bern, 1950, p. 28, ill. p. 49.

Bernard Dorival. "Sources of the Art of Gauguin from Java, Egypt and Ancient Greece." Burlington Magazine 93 (April 1951), pp. 118–19, fig. 16.

Henri Dorra. "Ia Orana Maria." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 10 (May 1952), pp. 254–60, ill.

Henri Dorra. "The First Eves in Gauguin's Eden." Gazette des beaux-arts, 6th ser., 41 (March 1953), p. 189, fig. 2.

Paul Gauguin. Carnet de Tahiti. facsimile of Gauguin's Carnet de Tahiti. Paris, 1954, pp. 17, 26, 29, 36, 58 n. 3, p. 60 n. 3, p. 61 n. 2, p. 62 n. 1 to p. 39.

John Rewald. Paul Gauguin (1848–1903). New York, 1954, unpaginated, colorpl. 14.

Robert J. Goldwater. Paul Gauguin. 1st ed. [concise ed. 1983]. New York, [1957], p. 100, colorpl. missing.

A. Hyatt Mayor. "The Gifts that Made the Museum." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 16 (November 1957), p. 106.

John Rewald. Gauguin Drawings. New York, 1958, p. 30.

Alfred Frankfurter. "Midas on Parnassus." Art News Annual 28 (1959), p. 43.

Claus Virch and Samuel J. Wagstaff Jr. in Gauguin: Paintings, Drawings, Prints, Sculpture. Exh. cat., Art Institute of Chicago. Chicago, 1959, pp. 8, 19, 38–39, no. 28, colorpl. 28.

Gauguin. Paris, 1961, pp. 34, 87, 90, 122, 234, ill.

Henri Perruchot. La vie de Gauguin. 1961, pp. 271, 275.

John Rewald. Post-Impressionism: From van Gogh to Gauguin. New York, 1962, pp. 502, 506, 509, ill.

Georges Boudaille. Gauguin. New York, 1964, pp. 121, 179–80, 190, 194, 207, ill. in color.

Georges Wildenstein. Gauguin. 1, French ed. [English ed. 1965]. Paris, 1964, p. 167, no. 428, ill.

Bengt Danielsson. Gauguin in the South Seas. London, 1965, pp. 90–91, 142, 144–45, 190.

Patrick O'Reilly. Catalogue du Musée Gauguin, Papeari, Tahiti. Paris, 1965, p. 61 under nos. 210–11.

Paul C. Nicholls. Gauguin. New York, 1967, pp. 13, 25, no. 34, ill. in color.

Charles Sterling and Margaretta M. Salinger. "XIX–XX Centuries." French Paintings: A Catalogue of the Collection of The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 3, New York, 1967, pp. 170–74, ill.

Margaretta M. Salinger. "Windows Open to Nature." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 27 (Summer 1968), unpaginated, ill.

Alexander O. Vietor. Letter. 1968, unpaginated.

Bengt Danielsson. "The Exotic Sources of Gauguin's Art." Expedition 11 (Summer 1969), pp. 22–23, ill.

Patrik Reuterswärd, et al. Gauguin i Söderhavet [Gauguin in the South Sea Islands]. Exh. cat., Etnografiska Museet and Nationalmuseum. Stockholm, 1970, pp. 47, 55.

John Russell. Gauguin. Paris, 1970, pp. 36–37, no. 14, colorpl. 14.

Edith A. Standen in Masterpieces of Painting in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Exh. cat., Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. New York, [1970], p. 89, ill. (color).

Alan Bowness. Gauguin. New York, 1971, pp. 11–12, colorpl. 32.

D. de Hoop Scheffer. "Ia Orana Maria (Ik groet U, Maria)." Bulletin van het Rijksmuseum (December 1972), pp. 171–76, ill.

G. M. Sugana. L'opera completa di Gauguin. 2nd ed. [1st ed., 1969; Engl. ed, 1973]. Milan, 1972, p. 102, no. 263, ill.

Linnea Stonesifer Dietrich. "A Study of Symbolism in the Tahitian Painting of Paul Gauguin: 1891–1893." PhD diss., University of Delaware, 1973, pp. 13, 67, 95–99, 103, 203–4, 207.

René Huyghe Lydie Huyghe in La Relève du réel: la peinture française au XIXe siècle: impressionnisme, symbolisme. Paris, 1974, pp. 350–51, 443, ill.

Bengt Danielsson. Gauguin à Tahiti et aux îles Marquises. Papeete, 1975, p. 91.

Pierre Leprohon. Paul Gauguin. Paris, 1975, pp. 210, 330, 338, 346.

Richard S. Field Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Paul Gauguin: The Paintings of the First Voyage to Tahiti. New York, 1977, pp. 54, 57–74, 78, 301, 306, 315, 360, no. 17.

Ziva Amishai-Maisels. "Gauguin's Early Tahitian Idols." Art Bulletin (June 1978), p. 331 n. 4.

Vojtech Jirat-Wasiutynski Princeton University. Paul Gauguin in the Context of Symbolism. New York, 1978, pp. 187 n. 2, pp. 276, 358 n. 2.

Maurice Sérullaz in Phaidon Encyclopedia of Impressionism. Oxford, 1978, p. 100.

Mary Lynn Zink. "Gauguin's 'Poèmes barbares' and the Tahitian Chant of Creation." Art Journal 38 (Fall 1978), p. 21 n. 17.

Wendy Slatkin. "Maternity and Sexuality in the 1890s." Woman's Art Journal 1 (Spring–Summer 1980), pp. 14, 18 n. 6.

Susan Wise. Paul Gauguin: His Life and his Paintings. Chicago, 1980, p. 13, colorpl. 15.

Audrey Leigh Hill. "The Re-evaluation of Gauguin as an Artist: 1889 to 1980." Master's thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 1981, p. 103.

Jürgen Harten in Bilder sind nicht verboten: Kunstwerke seit der Mitte des 19.Jahrhunderts mit ausgewählten Kultgeräten aus dem Zeitalter der Aufklärung. Exh. cat., Städtische Kunsthalle Düsseldorf. Düsseldorf, 1982, p. 236, ill. p. 167.

Robert Goldwater. Paul Gauguin. concise ed. [lst ed. 1957]. New York, 1983, p. 74, ill. opp. p. 74 (color).

Jehanne Teilhet-Fisk. Paradise Reviewed: An Interpretation of Gauguin's Polynesian Symbolism. no. 31, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1983, pp. 1, 48, 171, 185 n. 34.

Mary Lynn Zink Vance. "Gauguin's Polynesian Pantheon as a Visual Language." PhD diss., University of California, Santa Barbara, 1983, pp. 29, 134, 348, 386, no. 5, pl. 5.

Robert Rosenblum in Robert Rosenblum and H. W. Janson. 19th-Century Art. New York, 1984, pp. 426, 453, colorpl. 77.

Kirk Varnedoe. "Primitivism" in 20th Century Art: Affinity of the Tribal and the Modern. New York, 1984, vol. 1, pp. 178, 187, 189, 191, ill. (color and black and white).

Ziva Amishai-Maisels Hebrew University. Gauguin's Religious Themes. New York, 1985, pp. 1, 56–57, 190, 288–98, 304–5, 307, 316, 325, 327 nn. 9, 11, 16, p. 328 nn. 19, 21–23, 26–27, p. 334 n. 78, p. 329 n. 37, pp. 358, 383, 485, fig. 126.

Noa Noa: Gauguin's Tahiti. Oxford, 1985, pp. 86–87.

Robert Goldwater. Primitivism in Modern Art. enlarged ed. [1st ed., 1938, revised ed. 1967]. Cambridge, Mass., 1986, pp. 75–76, ill.

Michel Hoog. Paul Gauguin: Life and Work. New York, 1987, pp. 158–59, 163, 166, 198, 209, 306 n. 10, colorpl. 109.

Maurice Malingue. La vie prodigieuse de Gauguin. Paris, 1987, pp. 112, 177, 183, 195.

Yann le Pichon. Gauguin: Life, Art, Inspiration. New York, 1987, pp. 156–57, colorpl. 293.

Gauguin: A Retrospective. Exh. cat., National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. New York, 1987, pp. 180, 185, 218, 225, 229, colorpl. 57.

Belinda Thomson. Gauguin. London, 1987, pp. 141, 145–47, 167, 171, 182, ill. (color and black and white).

Gary Tinterow et al. "Modern Europe." The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 8, New York, 1987, pp. 5, 11, 76–78, colorpl. 54.

Françoise Cachin. Gauguin. Paris, 1988, pp. 155, 160–61, 164, 169, pl. 167.

Isabelle Cahn in Gauguin: La Bibliothèque des expositions. Paris, 1988, pp. 60–61, no. 33, ill. (color).

Frédérique de Gravelaine. Paul Gauguin: la vie, la technique, l'oeuvre peint. Lausanne, 1988, pp. 58, 104–5 (ill. in color).

Colta Ives. "French Prints in the Era of Impressionism and Symbolism." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 46 (Summer 1988), p. 30, ill. in color.

Elizabeth Mongan, Eberhard W. Kornfeld, and Harold Joachim. Paul Gauguin: Catalogue raisonné of his Prints. Bern, 1988, p. 131.

Charles F. Stuckey in The Art of Paul Gauguin. Exh. cat., National Gallery of Art. Washington, 1988, pp. 215, 220–21, 233, 236, 242–46, 291, 384, 410, no. 135, ill. in color.

Pascale Bertrand. "Exposition Gauguin." Beaux-arts no. 64 (January 1989), pp. 42–43, ill. (color).

Françoise Cachin. Gauguin: "Ce malgré moi de sauvage". Paris, 1989, pp. 75–76, 94, ill. (color).

Pierre Daix. Paul Gauguin. [Paris], 1989, pp. 234–35, 239, 253, 257, 400 n. 21.

Hans H. Hofstätter. "Christliche Thematik im Werk von Paul Gauguin." Das Münster 42 (1989), p. 304, ill.

Günter Metken. Gauguin in Tahiti: Die erste Reise, Gemälde 1891–1893. Munich, 1989, unpaginated, colorpl. 8.

John Rewald, with the research assistance of Frances Weitzenhoffer. Cézanne and America: Dealers, Collectors, Artists and Critics, 1891–1921. The A. W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts, Princeton, 1989, pp. 325, 330.

U. Stake. Gauguin. Exh. cat.Moscow, 1989, pp. 149, 167–71, 195, ill. (color, overall and detail).

Lesley Stevenson. Gauguin. London, 1990, pp. 126–27, 155, ill. in color.

Fereshteh Daftari Columbia University. The Influence of Persian Art on Gauguin, Matisse, and Kandinsky. New York, 1991, pp. 101–4, no. 49, ill.

Michel Hoog. Gauguin: Actes du colloque Gauguin. Paris, 1991, p. 152.

Pierre-Francis Schneeberger. Gauguin – Tahiti. Paris, 1991, pp. 24, 36, 40, 91, colorpl. 4.

Gary Tinterow. "Miracle au Met." Connaissance des arts no. 472 (June 1991), p. 39.

Paul Gauguin. Paul Gauguin, The Search for Paradise: Letters from Brittany and the South Seas. London, 1992, pp. 66–67, ill. (color).

Fr. Daniel Nassaney O.M.I. Ia Orana Maria, a painting of Paul Gauguin. March 25, 1993.

Ingo F. Walther. Paul Gauguin, 1848–1903: The Primitive Sophisticate. Cologne, 1993, pp. 38–39, 42, ill. in color.

Caroline Boyle-Turner in Le cercle de Gauguin en Bretagne: L'impressionisme s'installe devant le motif et fait ce qu'il voit. . . . Exh. cat., Musée de Pont-Aven. [Pont-Aven], 1994, pp. 12, 14.

Pierre-Yves Desaive, Jean-Patrick Duchesne, and Pierre Henrion in Gauguin: Les XX et la libre Esthétique. Exh. cat., Musée d'art moderne et d'art contemporaine. Liège, 1994, p. 40, ill.

Impressionist and Modern Paintings, Drawings and Sculpture, Part I.June 28, 1994, p. 53.

Paul Gauguin e l'avanguardia russa. Exh. cat.Florence, 1995, pp. 108, 177 n. 4, ill.

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Michael Kimmelman. "At the Met with Roy Lichtenstein: Disciple of Color and Line, Master of Irony." New York Times (March 31, 1995), p. C27.

Albert Kostenevich. Hidden Treasures Revealed: Impressionist Masterpieces and Other Important French Paintings Preserved by the State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg. Exh. cat.New York, 1995, p. 224.

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Eckhard Hollmann. Paul Gauguin: Images from the South Seas. New York, 1996, pp. 34–35, 52, 62, ill. (color and black and white).

John House in Der Traum vom Glück: Die Kunst des Historismus in Europa. Exh. cat.Vienna, 1996, pp. 150, 157, colorpl. 1.

Anna Maria Damigella. Paul Gauguin, La vita e l'opera. Milan, 1997, pp. 25, 168, 170–71, ill. in color.

Paul Gauguin, Tahiti. Exh. cat., Staatsgalerie Stuttgart. Stuttgart, 1998, pp. 41, 82 n.45, p. 136.

Isabelle Cahn, Albert Kostenewitsch, and Angela Schneider in Paul Gauguin: Das verlorene Paradies. Exh. cat., Museum Folkwang, Essen. Cologne, 1998, pp. 83, 85 n. 26, pp. 97, 243–44, ill.

Naomi Margolis Maurer. The Pursuit of Spiritual Wisdom: The Thought and Art of Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin. Madison, N.J., 1998, pp. 145–46, 166, 293, ill. (color).

Belinda Thomson. "Exhibition review: Stuttgart. Paul Gauguin." Burlington Magazine 140 (May 1998), p. 350.

Henri Dorra in Paul Gauguin, von der Bretagne nach Tahiti: Ein Aufbruch zur Moderne. Exh. cat., Landesmuseum Joanneum, Graz. Tulln, 2000, pp. 138–39, ill.

Rebecca A. Rabinow. "Modern Art Comes to the Metropolitan: The 1921 Exhibition of 'Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Paintings'." Apollo 152 (October 2000), pp. 5, 7, 10, fig. 5 (color).

Charlotte Hale in Colta Ives and Susan Alyson Stein. The Lure of the Exotic: Gauguin in New York Collections. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2002, pp. 189, 193, 195, 232 n. 55, p. 233 n. 79.

Colta Ives in Colta Ives and Susan Alyson Stein. The Lure of the Exotic: Gauguin in New York Collections. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2002, pp. 6, 8, 83–84, 221, no. 55, ill. (color) and fig. 5.

Marjorie Shelley in Colta Ives and Susan Alyson Stein. The Lure of the Exotic: Gauguin in New York Collections. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2002, p. 234 n. 38.

Susan Alyson Stein in Colta Ives and Susan Alyson Stein. The Lure of the Exotic: Gauguin in New York Collections. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2002, pp. 160, 165–66, 168, 170, 230, figs. 62, 64 (installation photos).

Margaret Werth. The Joy of Life: The Idyllic in French Art, circa 1900. Berkeley, 2002, p. 45, fig. 20.

Roger Benjamin. Orientalist Aesthetics: Art, Colonialism, and French North Africa, 1880–1930. Berkeley, 2003, pp. 92–93, fig. 40.

Paule Laudon. Tahiti—Gauguin: Mythe et vérités. Paris, 2003, pp. 60, 102, ill. p. 59 (color).

Jean-Yves Tréhin. Gauguin, Tahiti et la photographie. [Punaauia, Tahiti], 2003, pp. 98–99, ill. (color).

Isabelle Cahn in George T. M. Shackelford and Claire Frèches-Thory. Gauguin Tahiti. Exh. cat., Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, Paris. Boston, 2004, pp. 105, 289, 359, no. 74, ill. p. 288 (color).

Isabelle Cahn and Gloria Groom in George T. M. Shackelford and Claire Frèches-Thory. Gauguin Tahiti. Exh. cat., Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, Paris. Boston, 2004, p. 348.

Claire Frèches-Thory in George T. M. Shackelford and Claire Frèches-Thory. Gauguin Tahiti. Exh. cat., Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, Paris. Boston, 2004, pp. 25, 28, 32, 315 n. 93.

George T. M. Shackelford in George T. M. Shackelford and Claire Frèches-Thory. Gauguin Tahiti. Exh. cat., Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, Paris. Boston, 2004, p. 198.

Barbara Stern Shapiro in George T. M. Shackelford and Claire Frèches-Thory. Gauguin Tahiti. Exh. cat., Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, Paris. Boston, 2004, p. 131.

Katharine Baetjer in The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: Chefs-d'œuvre de la peinture européenne. Exh. cat., Fondation Pierre Gianadda. Martigny, 2006, p. 22, fig. 13 [Catalan ed., Barcelona, 2006, p. 19, fig. 13].

Richard R. Brettell and Stephen F. Eisenman. Nineteenth-Century Art in the Norton Simon Museum. 1, New Haven, 2006, p. 485.

Douglas W. Druick in Cézanne to Picasso: Ambroise Vollard, Patron of the Avant-Garde. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2006, pp. 363–64 n. 3.

Marco Di Capua in Paul Gauguin: Artist of Myth and Dream. Exh. cat., Complesso del Vittoriano, Rome. Milan, 2007, p. 87, fig. 7 (color).

Susan Alyson Stein in Masterpieces of European Painting, 1800–1920, in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2007, pp. 164–65, 249–50, no. 153, ill. (overall and detail, color and black and white).

Susan Alyson Stein in The Masterpieces of French Painting from The Metropolitan Museum of Art: 1800–1920. Exh. cat., Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. New York, 2007, pp. 144–45, 213–15, no. 106, ill. (overall and detail, color and black and white).

Gary Tinterow in Masterpieces of European Painting, 1800–1920, in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2007, p. xix.

Gary Tinterow in The Masterpieces of French Painting from The Metropolitan Museum of Art: 1800–1920. Exh. cat., Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. New York, 2007, p. 11.

Belinda Thomson in Gauguin: Maker of Myth. Exh. cat., Tate Modern. London, 2010, p. 135, fig. 61 (color).