Cézanne worked on this, one of the grandest pictures of Mont Sainte-Victoire, over a considerable length of time, enlarging the canvas in order to extend the view at the right and in the foreground.
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Credit Line:The Walter H. and Leonore Annenberg Collection, Gift of Walter H. and Leonore Annenberg, 1994, Bequest of Walter H. Annenberg, 2002
Accession Number:1994.420
the artist's estate (1906–no later than March 1907; sold for Fr 5,000 to Vollard); [Ambroise Vollard, Paris, 1907–35; stock book B, no. 4478, as "paysage. Panorama de Ste Victoire, 55 x 95"; valued at Fr 12,000 upon purchase, in shares with Bernheim-Jeune, Paris; reverted to Vollard's sole ownership from unknown date until 1935; sold to Wildenstein]; [Wildenstein, New York, 1935–64; sold on May 8 to Annenberg]; Walter H. and Leonore Annenberg, Rancho Mirage, Calif. (1964–94; jointly with The Met, 1994–his d. 2002)
London. Tate Gallery. "The Annenberg Collection," September 2–October 8, 1969, no. 9 (as Mont Sainte-Victoire).
Philadelphia Museum of Art. "Masterpieces of Impressionism & Post-Impressionism: The Annenberg Collection," May 21–September 17, 1989, unnumbered cat.
Washington. National Gallery of Art. "Masterpieces of Impressionism & Post-Impressionism: The Annenberg Collection," May 6–August 5, 1990, unnumbered cat.
Los Angeles County Museum of Art. "Masterpieces of Impressionism & Post-Impressionism: The Annenberg Collection," August 16–November 11, 1990, unnumbered cat.
New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Masterpieces of Impressionism & Post-Impressionism: The Annenberg Collection," June 4–October 13, 1991, unnumbered cat.
New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Cézanne to Picasso: Ambroise Vollard, Patron of the Avant-Garde," September 14, 2006–January 7, 2007, no. 49.
THIS WORK MAY NOT BE LENT, BY TERMS OF ITS ACQUISITION BY THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART.
Lionello Venturi. Cézanne: son art—son oeuvre. Paris, 1936, vol. 1, pp. 64, 236, no. 804; vol. 2, pl. 266, no. 804, dates it 1904–6; erroneously locates it as still in Vollard's collection.
John Rewald and Léo Marschutz. "Cézanne et la Provence." Le Point 4 (August 1936), ill. p. 22, call it "La Ste-Victoire vue du chemin des lauves" and date it about 1905; erroneously locate it as still in Vollard's collection.
Fritz Novotny. Cézanne und das Ende der Wissenschaftlichen Perspektive. Vienna, 1938, pp. 11–12, 204, no. 94, erroneously locates it as still in Vollard's collection.
Liliane Guerry. Cézanne et l'expression de l'espace. [1st ed.; 2nd ed., 1966]. Paris, 1950, p. 194 n. 47.
Kurt Badt. The Art of Cézanne. [German ed., 1956]. Berkeley, 1965, pp. 163, 310.
M. Roy Fisher. The Annenberg Collection. Exh. cat., Tate Gallery. London, 1969, unpaginated, no. 9, ill. (color), erroneously locates it as formerly in the Montag collection and a private collection, Switzerland; notes that the format of this painting differs from others of the same subject, speculating that Cézanne increased the width of this canvas by nearly one-third and added several inches to the bottom; compares it to a watercolor that is also enlarged on the right (V917); remarks that our painting "may well represent Cézanne's fullest statement of the theme".
Sandra Orienti inL'opera completa di Cézanne. [French ed., 1975; English ed., 1985]. Milan, 1970, pp. 120–21, no. 765, ill.
François Daulte. "Une collection impressionniste à Regent's Park." L'Oeil (February 1974), pp. 40–41, figs. 8 (installation photo), 10.
A. Barskaya. Paul Cézanne. Leningrad [St. Petersburg], 1975, p. 198, ill. p. 191, dates it 1900–1906.
Theodore Reff inCézanne: The Late Work. Ed. William Rubin. Exh. cat., Museum of Modern Art. New York, 1977, p. 27, colorpl. 125.
John Rewald inCézanne: The Late Work. Ed. William Rubin. Exh. cat., Museum of Modern Art. New York, 1977, pp. 98, 412 under no. 105 [French ed., "Cézanne, les dernières années (1895–1906)," Paris, 1988, p. 198 under no. 85], notes that only in this painting and the related watercolor (V917) "did Cézanne endeavor to represent the full width of the panorama dominated by Sainte-Victoire," adding strips to both the canvas and paper; mentions another watercolor (V1033) showing the same group of farmhouses.
Lawrence Gowing inCézanne: The Late Work. Ed. William Rubin. Exh. cat., Museum of Modern Art. New York, 1977, p. 68.
Geneviève Monnier inCézanne: The Late Work. Ed. William Rubin. Exh. cat., Museum of Modern Art. New York, 1977, p. 116 [French ed., "Cézanne, les dernières années (1895–1906)," Paris, 1978, p. 45], notes that it is painted in oil greatly diluted with turpentine, relating this technique to the influence of Cézanne's watercolors on his late oils.
Judith Wechsler. The Interpretation of Cézanne. Ann Arbor, Mich., 1981, p. 50.
Jean Arrouye. "Le dépassement de la nostalgie." Cézanne, ou la peinture en jeu. Limoges, 1982, p. 131.
John Rewald. Paul Cézanne: The Watercolors, A Catalogue Raisonné. Boston, 1983, p. 239, under no. 594.
Robert Tiers. "Le testament de Paul Cézanne et l'inventaire des tableaux de sa succession, rue Boulegon à Aix en 1906." Gazette des beaux-arts 106 (November 1985), p. 178 n. 7.
Jacques Teboul. Les Victoires de Cézanne. Paris, 1988, p. 115, fig. 28 (color, overall and detail).
Joseph J. Rishel inMasterpieces of Impressionism & Post-Impressionism: The Annenberg Collection. Ed. Colin B. Bailey, Joseph J. Rishel, and Mark Rosenthal. Exh. cat., Philadelphia Museum of Art. Philadelphia, 1991, pp. 88–91, 187–88, ill. (color and black and white), dates it 1902–6; publishes a diagram of additions to the canvas based on the photograph of this painting published in Ref. Venturi 1936; notes that Cézanne painted some fifty-five images of the mountain, at least fourteen of these from his studio at Les Lauves; analyzes the development of this work, whose sections were added over a period of time, and its two related watercolors; proposes that Cézanne added to the composition to record an encompassing panoramic view and a sense of space through color.
Gary Tinterow. "Miracle au Met." Connaissance des arts no. 472 (June 1991), p. 39, ill. (color), dates it 1902–6.
Jérôme Coignard. "Le Salon de peinture de Mr. et Mrs. Annenberg." Beaux arts no. 92 (July–August 1991), p. 69.
Götz Adriani. Cézanne: Gemälde. Exh. cat., Kunsthalle Tübingen. Cologne, 1993, p. 263 n. 1 [English ed., 1995].
Gary Tinterow in "Recent Acquisitions, A Selection: 1994–1995." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 53 (Fall 1995), pp. 4, 49, ill. (color).
C[harles]. F[erdinand]. Ramuz. Paul Cézanne. Lausanne, 1995, ill. p. 73 (color), dates it 1904–6.
Katharine Baetjer. European Paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art by Artists Born Before 1865: A Summary Catalogue. New York, 1995, p. 468, ill. p. 469.
Joseph J. Rishel inCézanne. Exh. cat., Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, Paris. Philadelphia, 1996, pp. 468–69, 579, fig. 1 [French ed., Paris, 1995, pp. 469, 579, fig. 1], remarks that this composition drops "the viewer into the sweeping vista with no entry transition".
John Rewald, in collaboration with Walter Feilchenfeldt, and Jayne Warman. The Paintings of Paul Cézanne: A Catalogue Raisonné. New York, 1996, vol. 1, pp. 536, 540, no. 915; vol. 2, p. 321, fig. 915.
Pavel Machotka. Cézanne: Landscape into Art. New Haven, 1996, p. 117.
Ira Berkow. "Jewels in the Desert." Art News 97 (May 1998), pp. 148–49, ill. (color, installation photo).
Hidemichi Tanaka. "Cézanne and Japonisme." Artibus et Historiae 22, no. 44 (2001), p. 219 n. 43, discusses the possible influence of Hokusai's series "Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji" on Cézanne's thirty-six pictures of Mont Sainte-Victoire.
Mario Maffi in "Cézanne e il 'segreto' di Hemingway." Il Cézanne degli scrittori dei poeti e dei filosofi. Ed. Giovanni Cianci et al. Milan, 2001, p. 205, fig. 21, speculates that Hemingway saw this work in Paris and was influenced by Cézanne's Mont Sainte-Victoire series.
Jayne Warman in "A Dual Legacy: Cézanne - Rewald." Atelier Cézanne. [Aix-en-Provence], 2002, p. 173.
Gary Tinterow. "Recent Acquisitions, A Selection: 2002–2003." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 61 (Fall 2003), p. 35.
Joachim Pissarro. Pioneering Modern Painting: Cézanne & Pissarro 1865–1885. Exh. cat., Museum of Modern Art. New York, 2005, p. 69, fig. 64 (color).
Jayne S. Warman inCézanne to Picasso: Ambroise Vollard, Patron of the Avant-Garde. Ed. Rebecca A. Rabinow. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2006, pp. 344–45, no. 49, ill.
Ann Dumas inCézanne to Picasso: Ambroise Vollard, Patron of the Avant-Garde. Ed. Rebecca A. Rabinow. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2006, fig. 9 (color).
Philip Conisbee in Philip Conisbee and Denis Coutagne. Cézanne in Provence. Exh. cat., National Gallery of Art. Washington, 2006, p. 2, fig. 1 (color) [French ed., Paris, p. 26, fig. 1 (color)], calls it "Montagne Sainte-Victoire" and dates it 1902–6.
Denis Coutagne. Cézanne en vérité(s). [Arles], 2006, pp. 491–93.
Linda Nochlin. Courbet. New York, 2007, p. 221 n. 9.
Joseph J. Rishel inMasterpieces of Impressionism and Post-Impressionism: The Annenberg Collection. Ed. Susan Alyson Stein and Asher Ethan Miller. 4th rev. ed. [1st ed., 1989]. New York, 2009, pp. 165–71, no. 32, ill. (color).
Sandra Gianfreda. "The early 'Japonistes'." Monet, Gauguin, Van Gogh . . . "Japanese Inspirations" Museum Folkwang. Exh. cat., Museum Folkwang, Essen. Göttingen, 2014, p. 67.
Walter Feilchenfeldt, Jayne Warman, and David Nash. The Paintings, Watercolors and Drawings of Paul Cezanne: An Online Catalogue Raisonné. 2014–?, no. 356, ill. (color) [https://www.cezannecatalogue.com/catalogue/entry.php?id=889], as “La Montagne Sainte-Victoire vue des Lauves”; date it 1902–6.
Alain Tapié inPaul Cezanne: Le chant de la terre. Ed. Daniel Marchesseau. Exh. cat., Fondation Pierre Gianadda. Martigny, 2017, ill. p. 96 (color), as "La Montagne Sainte-Victoire vue des Lauves" (Sainte-Victoire Mountain seen from Les Lauves).
John Elderfield in John Elderfield Mary Morton and Xavier Rey. Cézanne Portraits. Exh. cat., Musée d'Orsay, Paris. Princeton, 2017, p. 252, as "Mont Sainte-Victoire, View from Les Lauves".
Jayne Warman in John Elderfield Mary Morton and Xavier Rey. Cézanne Portraits. Exh. cat., Musée d'Orsay, Paris. Princeton, 2017, fig. 106 (color).
John Elderfield inCézanne portraits. Exh. cat., Musée d'Orsay. Paris, 2017, p. 276, as "La Montagne Sainte-Victoire vue des Lauves".
Jayne Warman inCézanne portraits. Exh. cat., Musée d'Orsay. Paris, 2017, fig. 95 (color), as "La Montagne Sainte-Victoire, vue des Lauves".
Between about 1902 and 1906 Cézanne painted numerous views of Mont Sainte-Victoire in both oil and watercolor. Many, like the present picture, were executed in his studio at Les Lauves (see Rewald 1996, nos. 911–14, 916, 932; Rewald 1983, nos. 504, 587, 591, 593, 597, 599). Two watercolors showing the mountain from a similar vantage point are also related to our picture (both private collections, RWC 593 and 594.) The Met also owns an earlier painting of Mont Sainte-Victoire, seen from a different viewpoint (1882–85; 29.100.64).
This work may not be lent, by terms of its acquisition by The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Paul Cézanne (French, Aix-en-Provence 1839–1906 Aix-en-Provence)
ca. 1898
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